{"id":1922,"date":"2023-09-01T12:40:10","date_gmt":"2023-09-01T12:40:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/africansforthehorn.org\/?p=1922"},"modified":"2023-10-13T06:49:13","modified_gmt":"2023-10-13T06:49:13","slug":"civil-society-letter-to-the-human-rights-council-to-establish-an-independent-mechanism-on-sudan","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/africansforthehorn.org\/civil-society-letter-to-the-human-rights-council-to-establish-an-independent-mechanism-on-sudan\/","title":{"rendered":"Civil Society Letter To the Human Rights Council to establish an independent mechanism on Sudan"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
United Nations Human Rights Council session. Photo credit: @Jaurocks<\/a> CC BY-SA 4.0<\/a> via Wikimedia Commons<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n

To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (Geneva, Switzerland)<\/p>\n\n\n\n

1 September 2023<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Human Rights Council should establish an independent mechanism on Sudan<\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Excellencies,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Following the outbreak of armed conflict in Khartoum and other areas of Sudan, on 15 April 2023, over one hundred civil society organisations called on States to convene a special session of the UN Human Rights Council and to establish an inde\u00adpendent mechanism tasked with investigating human rights vio\u00adlations and abuses com\u00admitted by all parties and advancing accountability in Sudan.[1]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

During a special session held on 11 May 2023, the Council adopted resolution S-36\/1,[2]<\/a> which enhanced the mandate of the designated Office of the UN High Commissioner for Human Rights (OHCHR) Expert on Sudan. The resolution also enhanced monitoring and documentation of human rights violations and abuses committed since the 25 October 2021 military takeover, including those arising directly from the current conflict, as well as reporting to the Council.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Since the Council acted, however, violence has continued to escalate. Fighting between the Su\u00addanese Armed Forces (SAF) and the Rapid Support Forces (RSF) shows no sign of abating.[3]<\/a> Human rights vio\u00adla\u00adtions and abuses and violations of international humanitarian law by all parties to the conflict have had a serious impact on civilians, with thousands now reported dead, injured, or missing.[4]<\/a> Actual figures are likely to be much higher.[5]<\/a> Millions are experiencing high levels of acute food insecurity.[6]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In West Darfur, the violence has taken on an increasingly interethnic dimension that is reminiscent of the crimes com\u00admitted twenty years ago, some of which may amount to crimes under international law.[7]<\/a> The RSF and their allied Arab militias have deliberately targeted non-Arab communities, notably the Massalit ethnic group, and destroyed displacement camps and sites, killing and injuring civilians, including those who were flee\u00ading to Chad. Assailants also raped and gang raped dozens of women and girls,[8]<\/a> while also targeting human rights defenders, including lawyers.[9]<\/a> Civilian casualties are also reported in other parts of Darfur, inc\u00adluding South and North Darfur, where the risk of further harm to displaced communities inhabiting the area warrants greater attention.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The Council\u2019s call in May for a cessation of violence, the establishment of full, safe and unhindered hu\u00adman\u00aditarian access, the rehabilitation of basic infrastructure, a negotiated resolution of the conflict, and a recommit\u00adment to Sudan\u2019s civilian-led transition[10]<\/a> remains unheeded. Civilians, in particular women and girls, who are at signi\u00adficant risk of sexual and gender-based violence throughout the country,[11]<\/a> continue to bear the brunt of the conflict.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Impunity is at the heart of the current crisis, and addressing it should be a priority. The failure of the in\u00adter\u00adnational community to hold accountable those responsible for international crimes in Darfur decades ago has sent a dangerous message to all parties that they can continue to commit crimes with impunity. Though the UN Security Council referred the situation in Darfur to the International Criminal Court (ICC),[12]<\/a> the Council\u2019s passivity in the face of Khartoum\u2019s obstruction to the investigation sharply limited progress on cases, especially enforcing the arrest warrants issued by the ICC and gaining custody of fugitives, including former president Omar al-Bashir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

~     ~     ~<\/p>\n\n\n\n

The UN Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, the OHCHR, and the UN Special Representative for Sudan have all emphasised the preventive value of holding perpetrators to account, with the former stressing that \u201c[w]hen perpetrators of past atro\u00adcities are not held accountable for their action, we are doo\u00admed to see history repeat itself. We need to un\u00adequi\u00advocally support accountability processes as we witness the resumption of violence across Sudan, including in Darfur, Blue Nile, and North and South Kordofan states.\u201d[13]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

African bodies and mechanisms made strong pronouncements in support of investigations and account\u00adability for grave violations. These include the Intergov\u00ader\u00adn\u00admental Au\u00adthority on Develop\u00adment (IGAD), the African Union (AU), and the African Commission on Human and Peoples\u2019 Rights (ACHPR). In a Com\u00admuniqu\u00e9, the IGAD Quartet Group of Countries for the Reso\u00adlu\u00adtion of the Situation in the Republic of Sudan said it was \u201c[a]ppalled by the reports of widespread serious human rights abuses including sexual violence targeting girls and women\u201d and \u201c[committed] to work closely with the inter\u00adna\u00adtional com\u00admu\u00adnity to put in place a robust monitoring and accountability mecha\u00adnism that will be ins\u00adtru\u00admental in bringing perpetrators to justice.\u201d[14]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

In a statement to the AU Peace and Security Council, the Chairperson of the AU Commission, Moussa Faki Mahamat, warned that \u201cthe risk of ethnic and racial tension and conflicts between local communities around the country is great\u201d and that \u201c[t]he longer the fighting continues, the greater the risk of a complete collapse of Sudan.\u201d Regarding protection of civilians, he added: \u201cWe should coordinate the recording of any breaches [\u2026] and warn all parties about the risks they are exposing themselves to, in case of esta\u00adbli\u00adshed violations.\u201d[15]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Last, in a resolution adopted at its 76th<\/sup> session, the ACHPR said it was \u201c[a]larmed by the many violations taking place in the country, including excessive use of force, extrajudicial, arbitrary or summary exe\u00adcu\u00adtions, unlawful killings, arbitrary arrest and detention, torture, ill-treatment and enforced disappearance, sexual and gender-based violence, violations of freedom of opinion and expression, freedom of peaceful assembly and association, economic and social rights, as well as inter-communal violence\u201d and called on the African Union to take urgent measures to put an end to the conflict in Sudan and restore peace and stability, including \u201c[putting] in place a mechanism for monitoring, documenting and reporting on the perpetration of human rights and international humanitarian law violations by the warring parties inclu\u00adding with particular attention to the situation in Darfur.\u201d[16]<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

~     ~     ~<\/p>\n\n\n\n

In this context, <\/strong>and in line with<\/strong> the Council\u2019s mandate to prevent violations and to respond promp\u00adtly to human rights emer\u00ad\u00adgen\u00adcies, <\/strong>the Human Rights Council should strengthen its action on Sudan. At its upcoming 54th<\/sup> session (11 September-13 October 2023), it should adopt a resolution establi\u00adshing, without fur\u00adther delay, an independent mechanism with a mandate, among other ele\u00adments, to:<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(a) Undertake a thorough investigation into all alleged violations and abuses of international hu\u00adman rights law, violations of international humanitarian law and related crimes in Sudan, inclu\u00adding those constituting crimes under international law;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(b) Esta\u00adblish the facts, circumstances, and root causes of any such violations and abuses;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(c) Col\u00adlect, con\u00ad\u00adso\u00adlidate, analyse and preserve evidence, including of sexual and gender-based vio\u00adlence and eth\u00adnic vio\u00adlence, with a view to ending impunity and supporting future legal proceedings;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(d) Identify, where possible, those individuals and entities responsible; and<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

(e) Provide guidance on justice, inc\u00adlu\u00adding criminal accountability, reparations, and guarantees of non-recurrence.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As has been the case with other Council-established mechanisms, the mechanism on Sudan should be provided with all the administrative, technical, and logistical support and person\u00adnel necessary to ena\u00adble it to carry out its mandate, in particular <\/strong>in the areas of fact-finding, legal ana\u00adlysis, trans\u00adlation and interpretation, and <\/strong>evidence-collection and preservation, <\/strong>including regar\u00adding sexual and gender-based violence and specialized ballistic and forensic expertise.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The mecha\u00adnism should integrate a gender perspective and a survivor-centred approach throughout its work and ensure the complementarity and coordination of its effort with other efforts of the Uni\u00adted Na\u00adtions, the African Union, and other appropriate regional and international entities.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We thank you for your attention to these pressing issues and stand ready to provide your delegation with further information as required.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Sincerely,<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. Act for Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. ActionAid<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. Action by Christians for the Abolition of Torture in the Central African Republic (ACAT-RCA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. African Centre for Democracy and Human Rights Studies (ACDHRS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  5. African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  6. AfricanDefenders (Pan-African Human Rights Defenders Network)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  7. Algerian Human Rights Network (R\u00e9seau Alg\u00e9rien des Droits de l\u2019Homme)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  8. Amnesty International<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  9. Angolan Human Rights Defenders Coalition <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  10. Asian Forum for Human Rights and Development (FORUM-ASIA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  11. Atrocities Watch Africa (AWA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  12. Beam Reports \u2013 Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  13. Belarusian Helsinki Committee<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  14. Belgrade Centre for Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  15. Borderline-Europe \u2013 Menschenrechte ohne Grenzen e.V.<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  16. Burkinab\u00e8 Human Rights Defenders Coalition (CBDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  17. Burundian Coalition of Human Rights Defenders (CBDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  18. Cabo Verdean Network of Human Rights Defenders (RECADDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  19. Cairo Institute for Human Rights Studies (CIHRS)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  20. Cameroon Women\u2019s Peace Movement (CAWOPEM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  21. Central African Network of Human Rights Defenders (REDHAC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  22. Centre for Democracy and Development (CDD) \u2013 Mozambique <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  23. Centre de Formation et de Documentation sur les Droits de l\u2019Homme (CDFDH) \u2013 Togo<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  24. CIVICUS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  25. Coalition of Human Rights Defenders-Benin (CDDH-B\u00e9nin)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  26. Collectif Urgence Darfour<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  27. Confederation of Sudanese Civil Society Organizations<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  28. Consortium of Ethiopian Human Rights Organizations (CEHRO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  29. CSW (Christian Solidarity Worldwide)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  30. DefendDefenders (East and Horn of Africa Human Rights Defenders Project)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  31. EEPA \u2013 Europe External Programme with Africa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  32. Ethiopian Human Rights Defenders Center (EHRDC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  33. FIDH (International Federation for Human Rights)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  34. Forum pour le Renforcement de la Soci\u00e9t\u00e9 Civile (FORSC) \u2013 Burundi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  35. Gender Centre for Empowering Development (GenCED) \u2013 Ghana<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  36. Gisa Group \u2013 Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  37. Global Centre for the Responsibility to Protect <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  38. Gulf Centre for Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  39. Horn of Africa Civil Society Forum (HoA Forum)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  40. Human Rights Defenders Coalition Malawi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  41. Human Rights Defenders Network \u2013 Sierra Leone<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  42. Human Rights House Foundation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  43. Human Rights Watch<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  44. Institut des M\u00e9dias pour la D\u00e9mocratie et les Droits de l\u2019Homme (IM2DH) \u2013 Togo <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  45. International Bar Association\u2019s Human Rights Institute (IBAHRI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  46. International Commission of Jurists<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  47. The International Federation of Women Lawyers (FIDA) Africa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  48. Interfaith International<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  49. International Refugee Rights Initiative (IRRI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  50. International Service for Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  51. Ivorian Human Rights Defenders Coalition (CIDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  52. Jews Against Genocide<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  53. Journalists for Human Rights (JHR) \u2013 Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  54. Justice Africa Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  55. Justice Center for Advocacy and Legal Consultations \u2013 Sudan  <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  56. Libyan Human Rights Clinic (LHRC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  57. Malian Coalition of Human Rights Defenders (COMADDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  58. MENA Rights Group<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  59. Mozambique Human Rights Defenders Network (MozambiqueDefenders \u2013 RMDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  60. NANHRI \u2013 Network of African National Human Rights Institutions <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  61. National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders \u2013 Kenya<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  62. National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders \u2013 Somalia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  63. National Coalition of Human Rights Defenders-Uganda (NCHRD-U)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  64. Network of Human Rights Journalists (NHRJ) \u2013 The Gambia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  65. Network of the Independent Commission for Human Rights in North Africa (CIDH Africa)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  66. Never Again Coalition<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  67. New Sudan Council of Churches<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  68. Nigerien Human Rights Defenders Network (RNDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  69. Pathways for Women\u2019s Empowerment and Development (PaWED) \u2013 Cameroon<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  70. PAX Netherlands<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  71. PEN Belarus<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  72. Physicians for Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  73. POS Foundation \u2013 Ghana<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  74. Project Expedite Justice<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  75. Protection International Africa<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  76. REDRESS<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  77. Regional Centre for Training and Development of Civil Society (RCDCS) \u2013 Sudan<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  78. Rencontre Africaine pour la D\u00e9fense des Droits de l\u2019Homme (RADDHO)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  79. R\u00e9seau des Citoyens Probes (RCP) \u2013 Burundi<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  80. Rights Georgia<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  81. Rights for Peace<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  82. Rights Realization Centre (RRC) \u2013 United Kingdom<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  83. Salam for Democracy and Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  84. Society for Threatened Peoples<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  85. Southern Africa Human Rights Defenders Network (Southern Defenders)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  86. South Sudan Human Rights Defenders Network (SSHRDN)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  87. Stop Genocide Now<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  88. Strategic Initiative for Women in the Horn of Africa (SIHA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  89. Sudanese American Medical Association (SAMA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  90. Sudanese American Physicians Association (SAPA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  91. Sudanese American Public Affairs Association (SAPAA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  92. Sudanese Defenders Center for Legal Aid<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  93. Sudanese Human Rights Initiative (SHRI)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  94. Sudanese Human Rights Monitor (SHRM)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  95. Sudanese Lawyers Democratic Front<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  96. Sudanese Women Rights Action<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  97. Sudan Evangelical Community Council   <\/li>\n\n\n\n
  98. Sudan Human Rights Hub<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  99. Sudan NextGen Organization (SNG)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  100. Sudan\u2019s Doctors for Human Rights<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  101. Sudan Social Development Organisation<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  102. Sudan Unlimited<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  103. SUDO UK<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  104. The Tahrir Institute for Middle East Policy (TIMEP)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  105. Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition (THRDC)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  106. The Institute for Social Accountability (TISA)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  107. Togolese Human Rights Defenders Coalition (CTDDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  108. Tunisian League for Human Rights (LTDH)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  109. Waging Peace<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  110. Women Civil & Political Groups (Mansam)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  111. World Council of Churches<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  112. World Evangelical Alliance<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  113. World Organisation Against Torture (OMCT)<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  114. Zimbabwe Lawyers for Human Rights<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Download letter in English <\/a>and French<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n\n\n\n

    [1]<\/a> See DefendDefenders et al., \u201cSudan: Urgently convene a special session of the Human Rights Council and establish an investigative mechanism,\u201d 26 April 2023, https:\/\/defenddefenders.org\/sudan-urgently-convene-a-special-session-of-the-human-rights-council-and-establish-an-investigative-mechanism\/<\/a>, as well as Human Rights Watch, \u201cUN Human Rights Council Should Respond to Sudan Crisis,\u201d 28 April 2023, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2023\/04\/28\/un-human-rights-council-should-respond-sudan-crisis<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [2]<\/a> Available at: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/special-sessions\/session36\/36-special-session<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [3]<\/a> Sudan Tribune, \u201cClashes escalate as Sudanese army and RSF vie for armoured corps control,\u201d 22 August 2023, https:\/\/sudantribune.com\/article276425\/<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [4]<\/a> See for example Amnesty International, \u201cSudan: \u2018Death came to our home\u2019; War crimes and civilian suffering in Sudan,\u201d 3 August 2023, https:\/\/www.amnesty.org\/en\/documents\/afr54\/7037\/2023\/en\/<\/a> (accessed on 31 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [5]<\/a> Reuters, \u201cSudan war\u2019s death toll in Khartoum is double official figures, independent tallies show,\u201d 28 July 2023, https:\/\/www.reuters.com\/world\/africa\/sudan-war-kills-more-than-twice-many-civilians-khartoum-officially-reported-2023-07-28\/<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023). See also African Centre for Justice and Peace Studies (ACJPS), \u201cUrgent call to Sudanese authorities, RSF and SAF to account for thousands of citizens who have gone missing since the armed conflict erupted,\u201d 28 June 2023, http:\/\/www.acjps.org\/urgent-call-to-sudanese-authorities-rsf-and-saf-to-account-for-thousands-of-citizens-who-have-gone-missing-since-the-armed-conflict-erupted\/<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [6]<\/a> France 24, \u201cMore than six million people \u2018one step away from famine\u2019 in Sudan,\u201d 3 August 2023, https:\/\/www.france24.com\/en\/africa\/20230802-soaring-famine-in-war-torn-sudan-to-impact-over-20-million-people<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    For an overview of the humanitarian situation, see UN Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA), \u201cSudan,\u201d https:\/\/www.unocha.org\/sudan?gclid=EAIaIQobChMIou3R-K71gAMVjtV3Ch2twQKwEAAYASAAEgJB4_D_BwE<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [7]<\/a> See among others Human Rights Watch, \u201cDarfur: Rapid Support Forces, Allied Militias Rape Dozens,\u201d 17 August 2023, https:\/\/www.hrw.org\/news\/2023\/08\/17\/darfur-rapid-support-forces-allied-militias-rape-dozens<\/a>. For context, see Al Jazeera, \u201cIs history repeating itself in Darfur?\u201d, 6 July 2023, https:\/\/www.aljazeera.com\/podcasts\/2023\/7\/6\/is-history-repeating-itself-in-darfur<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [8]<\/a> Amnesty International, \u201cSudan: \u2018Death came to our home\u2019,\u201d op. cit.<\/em>; Human Rights Watch, \u201cDarfur: Rapid Support Forces, Allied Militias Rape Dozens,\u201d op. cit.<\/em><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [9]<\/a> Radio Dabanga, \u201cDBA: Four lawyers slain in West Darfur \u2018deliberately targeted\u2019,\u201d 21 June 2023, https:\/\/www.dabangasudan.org\/en\/all-news\/article\/dba-four-lawyers-slain-in-west-darfur-deliberately-targeted<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [10]<\/a> Resolution S-36\/1, operative paragraph 2.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [11]<\/a> UN News, \u201cRape by Sudan\u2019s RSF militia used to \u2018punish and terrorise\u2019 warn rights experts,\u201d 17 August 2023, https:\/\/news.un.org\/en\/story\/2023\/08\/1139847<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [12]<\/a> With resolution 1564 (2004), the UN Security Council requested, inter alia<\/em>, that the Secretary-General establish an international commission of inquiry to investigate reports of violations of [international law] in Darfur by all parties (resolution available on the UN Digital Library, https:\/\/digitallibrary.un.org\/record\/530567<\/a>). The report of the International Commission of Inquiry on Darfur is available at: https:\/\/www.legal-tools.org\/doc\/1480de\/pdf\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    In 2005, the Security Council referred the situation in Darfur to the ICC. See ICC, \u201cDarfur, Sudan: Situation in Darfur, Sudan ICC-02\/05,\u201d available at: https:\/\/www.icc-cpi.int\/darfur<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

    The Human Rights Council held a special session on 12-13 December 2006 and adopted decision S-4\/101, which mandated a High-Level Mission to assess the human rights situation in Darfur and the needs of the Sudan in this regard (decision available at: https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/hr-bodies\/hrc\/special-sessions\/session4\/th-special-session<\/a>).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [13]<\/a> \u201cProtect civilians and respect international humanitarian law, says UN Special Adviser as she raises alarm on Sudan conflict: Statement by Alice Wairimu Nderitu, United Nations Special Adviser on the Prevention of Genocide, on the conflict in Sudan,\u201d 13 June 2023, https:\/\/www.un.org\/en\/genocideprevention\/documents\/USG_and_Special_Adviser%20Nderitu_Sudan_13_June_2023.pdf<\/a> (accessed on 28 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [14]<\/a> IGAD, \u201cCommuniqu\u00e9 of the 1st Meeting of the IGAD Quartet Group of Countries for the Resolution of the Situation in the Republic of Sudan,\u201d 10 July 2023, https:\/\/igad.int\/communique-of-the-1st-meeting-of-the-igad-quartet-group-of-countries-for-the-resolution-of-the-situation-in-the-republic-of-sudan\/<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [15]<\/a> African Union, \u201cStatement of H.E. Moussa Faki Mahamat, Chairperson of the Commission, on the Situation in the Sudan,\u201d 27 May 2023, https:\/\/au.int\/en\/pressreleases\/20230527\/statement-he-moussa-faki-mahamat-chairperson-commission-situation-sudan<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023). Also see the \u201cCommuniqu\u00e9 of the 1156th<\/sup> meeting of the PSC, held at the level of Heads of State and Government, on 27 May 2023, on the Situation in Sudan,\u201d available at https:\/\/www.peaceau.org\/en\/article\/communique-of-the-1156th-meeting-of-the-psc-held-at-the-level-of-heads-of-state-and-government-on-27-may-2023-on-the-situation-in-sudan<\/a> (accessed on 24 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    On 19 June 2023, during the Human Rights Council\u2019s 53rd<\/sup> session, High Commissioner for Human Rights Volker T\u00fcrk said that \u201c[t]he people of Sudan were suffering, immeasurably\u201d and that \u201c[t]he reckless, senseless conflict was taking place in a context of total impunity.\u201d He added that Sudan faced \u201ca human rights and humanitarian crisis [\u2026] unfolding at an alarming rate, on a devastating scale and with a complexity not seen before in Sudan\u201d (OHCHR, \u201cHigh Commissioner for Human Rights: the Reckless, Senseless Conflict in Sudan Has Resulted in a Human Rights and Humanitarian Crisis that Is Unfolding at an Alarming Rate and on a Devastating Scale,\u201d 19 June 2023, https:\/\/www.ohchr.org\/en\/news\/2023\/06\/high-commissioner-human-rights-reckless-senseless-conflict-sudan-has-resulted-human?sub-site=HRC<\/a> (accessed on 23 August 2023).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    [16]<\/a> ACHPR, \u201cResolution on the serious deterioration of the human rights situation in the Republic of the Sudan as a result of the continuation of the war that broke out on 15 April 2023 \u2013 ACHPR\/Res.563 (LXXVI) 2023,\u201d 2 August 2023, available at: https:\/\/achpr.au.int\/en\/adopted-resolutions\/563-resolution-serious-deterioration-human-rights-situation-rep<\/a> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    To Permanent Representatives of Member and Observer States of the United Nations (UN) Human Rights Council (Geneva, Switzerland) 1 September 2023 The Human Rights Council should establish an independent mechanism on Sudan Excellencies, Following the outbreak of armed conflict in Khartoum and other areas of Sudan, on 15 April 2023, over one hundred civil society […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"featured_media":1931,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"om_disable_all_campaigns":false,"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"_uf_show_specific_survey":0,"_uf_disable_surveys":false,"cybocfi_hide_featured_image":"yes","iawp_total_views":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[79,35],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-1922","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-letters","category-sudan"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nCivil Society Letter To the Human Rights Council to establish an independent mechanism on Sudan - Africans For the Horn of Africa<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" 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